Are your houseplants sad, droopy, or dare we say it, dead? Have
they unwillingly become the hot spot for a spider mite house party? Don’t
worry, it probably wasn’t your fault. One day the houseplants seemed fine and
the next, well, they were sad plants.You can make your houseplants happy again.
It is time to shed
the “brown thumb” moniker and embrace your green potential. Hosting healthy houseplants is all just a matter of knowing
their basic needs and then meeting them on a consistent basis. This includes
protecting them from pests and over enthusiastic owners.
Get to Know Your Houseplants
Just as in any relationship, the first step in making a
houseplant happy is to really get to know it. While all plants have similar
needs (light, water and food), different types of plants require different
amounts of each of these things to help them survive and thrive.
Have any of your houseplants been the victim of mistaken
identity? Similar-looking houseplants may have different needs. Find out the
specific names and varieties of your houseplants, so you can research their
ideal conditions.
Every relationship requires some effort, but if you are
willing to make the investment, your plants can be with you for a long time. Eventually, you will learn what works for your particular
greenies; giving them proper care will then be easy and routine.When it comes to houseplants, it is a “which comes first”
decision.
Do you choose houseplants based on your home conditions or adapt your
home conditions to suit the houseplants that you love? Both can be done, but if
you are starting from scratch, is easiest to choose houseplants that will
thrive on the amount of light and humidity that is normal for your home. That
is not to say that some temperamental, but beautiful, houseplants might
not be worth the compromise.
Seeing the Light
While houseplants love their natural light, many will also
thrive in artificial light as well. First, determine how much natural light is
present in your home, and use this knowledge to help make your houseplants
happy.
You may need a compass to discover window direction. Most smart phones
contain a built in compass that can help you discover your home’s orientation,
and the sun exposure for each window.
Houseplants that are spindly and thin, and flowering plants
that don’t bud or bloom may be unhappy with the amount of light they are
receiving.You will need to get them more light. Conversely, if your plants
look faded and ghost-like, they are trying to tell you, “enough with the
light.”
Move plants away from the direct light source to reduce the exposure
and make them happy. (Secondary fading can also be caused by too little
water or not enough fertilizer.Natural light is sunlight. Your houseplants should come with
details about the amount of natural light they need to thrive. Conduct Internet
research or ask a garden center, if you aren’t sure of your plant's sunlight
requirements.
Meanwhile, here is a general guide to natural light
exposure.
- Full
Sun: A window with south exposure lets in the most light, and this is
considered full sun.
- Medium
or Bright Indirect: East and west facing windows allow a moderate or
average amount of light into a room.
- Low
Light or Indirect Light: Northern windows let in the least amount of
natural light.
In addition to window orientation, there are other factors in
and around your home that may contribute to the amount of natural light
available to your houseplants. Trees, bushes and awnings can block natural
light and reduce the amount that actually reaches houseplants.
Natural sunlight may increase when it is reflected off snow
or light colored buildings near your home. How close a houseplant is near a
window will also determine how much natural sunlight it receives, even if the
entire room appears to be equally bright to human eyes. If you are unsure of how much natural light your houseplants may
be receiving, conduct the shadow test.
Place an object near your houseplant, or in any location of your
home where houseplants live. Next, check the shadow. The darker and more
intense the shadow, the more light that is reaching that spot. This is an easy
check that can be conducted at any time of year, as long as the sun is up; it
will allow you to check for varying light conditions.
Artificial Light
If you are sadly lacking in natural light, you can still keep
your houseplants happy. Just employ the use of artificial light, as a
supplement, or as a full light source for your plant, if needed.
Many houseplants are perfectly happy with artificial light. Grow
lights are the most effective artificial light sources for houseplants.
Generally composed of fluorescent tubes, grow lights for plants may need to be
lit for up to 16 hours a day, depending on how light challenged your location
happens to be.
Some houseplants are natural light “snobs” and do poorly with
artificial light. Flowering plants in particular may protest a lack of natural
light by refusing to bud or bloom for you. You may need to experiment with different brands of grow lights
to find the ones that make your particular plants happiest.
Water Me
Do you wonder if plants sit around telling horror stories of the
plant that was forced to go weeks without water until it was a dried up husk?
It would be a common household story. Improper watering can have devastating
consequences to houseplants, and this includes over watering, inconsistent
watering, and over watering.
One of the most common mistakes homeowners make is to respond to
a droopy or wilted plant by watering more often. Often the root of the problem
is a sickness causes by the roots being too wet. The roots begin to decay
(root rot).
Sometimes just allowing the soil to dry out and then watering
carefully will give the plant time to recover. Sometimes the plant is too far
gone to survive. Either way, giving the houseplant more water will only seal
its fate.
Outside of providing your plants with the right lighting
conditions, learning how to water your plants may be the single most important
thing you can do to foster healthy greenery. Here are some general tips
on watering plants.
- Always
check the soil before watering. Changes in light, humidity, temperature
and plant growth can affect the amount of water a plant needs on a given
day. Lifting the pot can also tell you how much water is needed.
- Water
slowly. Watering too quickly or giving your plants too much water at one
time can cause the water to simply run off and not be available to the
plant.
- Focus
on the roots when watering. Applying water to the leaves doesn’t usually
do any good, and can actually promote disease.
- Water
in the morning. Establishing a morning routine can help you remember to
water your plants, plus if you accidentally get water on the leaves, they
will have time to dry out with the help of the day’s light and heat.
- Remove
any excess water that drains away into the pot’s saucer. This should be
done within the hour of the initial watering.
- Remember
that houseplants often need more water in the winter because of home
heating conditions.
- Plastic
pots retain more water, while unglazed clay pots dry out faster.
- Plants
that are too large for their pots will require more water.
- Plants
that are too small for their pots will have a hard time getting to all of
the water in their potting soil and may appear to be over watered.
- Municipal
tap water may contain chemicals that are harmful to houseplants. To
counteract this, use bottled water, or set tap water out in a
container for a day, to allow any chemicals to evaporate before
watering.
- If
your home has a water softener, the salts in the system can damage roots.
Collect water from outdoor natural sources or use bottled
water.
- If
you choose a to use a self watering system, monitor your plants carefully
for the first few weeks and make adjustments as needed.
Banishing Pests
Oh, creepy crawlies on houseplants are enough for some
homeowners to ditch the plants entirely, but remember, you now have a solid
relationship with your houseplants; friends don’t toss friends because of a few
bugs.
The biggest problem with plant pests is that they can quickly
spread. Regularly inspect leaves and wash them every few weeks.
Dust
and grime not only attracts pests, but it can also clog pores on leaves, making
it difficult for the plant to “breathe.” Insecticidal soap for plants is
available in spray form.
Here is some helpful information to prevent and
treat for plant pests.
- Always
check new plants for insects before you bring them home, otherwise you may
wind up with an infestation.
- Take
the extra precaution of isolating any newcomers to your houseplant
community for a couple of weeks, just to be sure.
- Avoid
dusting your plants with a duster. Bugs and their eggs can hitchhike from
home plant to the next.
- When
bringing a plant in from the outside, pull the plant out of the pot and
inspect the soil. Bugs may have crawled in through the drainage holes.
- Use
a magnifying glass to check the undersides of leaves to catch pests in
their earliest stages when it is easiest to get rid of them.
- If
you choose to use an insecticide, make sure that it is approved for use
indoors and on houseplants.
- Common
houseplant pests include aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, fungus gnats,
pillbugs, millipedes, slugs, scales, and whiteflies.
- Healthy
and vigorous plants are more likely to be resistant to pests.
Feed Me
Homeowners who regularly fertilize their lawns and gardens often
don’t recognize the need to feed indoor plants. Is this you? All plants need
certain nutrients to thrive. In an outdoor environment, plants fend for
themselves, sending out long roots to gather the food they need. Isolated
indoors in pots, they are at your mercy for their food.
Regular feedings of these plant nutrients will make your plants
happy:
- Nitrogen
(N) helps promote good foliage.
- Phosphorous
(P) helps promote root growth.
- Potassium
(K) helps promote blooming in flowering plants.
Fertilizer packaging lists the amounts of these three nutrients,
as percentages, in the order of N, P, K. A listing of 10-10-10 means there is
10 percent of each of these chemicals, with the remaining 70 percent of
material being inert additives.
Fertilizer is available in both organic or synthetic form, and
both appear to be equally effective for your plants, although organic
fertilizer works by breaking down slowly, and it will take longer to act.
Synthetic fertilizer is available as powder or in time release capsules.
There are specialty fertilizers for specific plants. For
example, azaleas prefer an acid fertilizer with a low pH. Read the labels
carefully, so you know exactly what you are getting.
There are at least four different ways to apply fertilizer
to your houseplants.
- Mix
the powder directly into the soil.
- Place
time release capsules into the soil.
- Use
water to dilute the powder or time release capsules and pour measured
doses into the soil.
- Use
a spray fertilizer directly onto the leaves of the plant.
Research the needs of your specific houseplants to know which
form of delivery will make your plants happiest.
Tips for using fertilizer:
- Thoroughly
moisten the soil.
- Be
conservative in your use. Too much fertilizer can burn the roots and kill
the plant
- Feed
plants during active growing phases, generally in the spring and the
summer seasons.